Poisson factorization for peer-based anomaly detection

Anomaly detection systems are a promising tool to identify compromised user credentials and malicious insiders in enterprise networks. Most existing approaches for modelling user behaviour rely on either independent observations for each user or on pre-defined user peer groups. A method is proposed based on recommender system algorithms to learn overlapping user peer groups and to use this learned structure to detect anomalous activity. Results analysing the authentication and process-running activities of thousands of users show that the proposed method can detect compromised user accounts during a red team exercise

New Distributional Record for \u3ci\u3eBalcha Indica\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) in Eastern West Virginia Discovered During Emerald Ash Borer Parasitoid Recovery Surveys

Between 2010 and 2012, approximately 6,300 Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and 9,500 Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitoids were released for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, at Cacapon State Park and the Cool Front Development in Morgan County, West Virginia. The invasive beetle was first detected there in 2009, and extensive ash mortality is currently occurring. We conducted parasitoid recovery surveys in 2013 but did not recover either of the released parasitoid species. However, we did rear Balcha indica Mani and Kaul (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), which is native to Asia and is a documented parasitoid of A. planipennis, from bolts infested with A. planipennis. This is the first documented record of B. indica for West Virginia

Quantifying Dominance: An analysis of humeral bilateral asymmetry and implications for behavioral reconstruction

A commonly cited characteristic of the human species, the concept of handedness represents a persistently enigmatic notion in modern society. Although important because the genesis of both handedness and language can be attributed to cerebral hemispheric lateralization in our evolutionary past, this feature remains ill defined and consequently defies analysis. Emerging CT technology, however, enables the application of morphometric techniques to human long bones, facilitating the quantification of bone’s internal mechanical properties as a possible way to improve the assay of bilateral asymmetry in the humerus. This capacity was applied to the population of Hasanlu, a Bronze Age site in which archaeologists posited a sexual division of labor among inhabitants as the result of artistic and botanical evidence. This division would have had males engaging in lateralized activities such as engaging in battle with spears or farming occupations while the females dedicated their time to the rigorous bimanual task of wheat processing. Because of this, internal mechanical properties within the humeri of males and females were postulated to exhibit differences in the distribution of mechanical loading. Indeed, analysis found a significant degree of lateralization only in the midshaft of the male humerus, supporting the idea that the inhabitants of Hasanlu did engage in division of labor based on sex

For this is an Enchanted Land Margorie Kinnan Rawlings and the Florida Enviroment

American author Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings described her adopted home in north-central Florida as an enchanted land. Her love for her surroundings was evident in rich descriptions of the seasons, the forces of nature, and the lives of the people around her. Immediately upon arrival in 1928 at Cross Creek, a tiny hamlet about twenty miles southeast of Gainesville, Rawlings immersed herself in the local hunting and fishing culture. She came to understand and appreciate the lifestyle of the people of the nearby Big Scrub country, who depended on the land for their survival. Along with this understanding, Rawlings came to appreciate and sound a call for better stewardship of the environment on the part of its human inhabitants

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Imidacloprid and the Arthropod Fauna Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr

Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr (Pinales: Pinaceae), is an important component of both the urban and forest landscape of the eastern United States. Eastern hemlock has been heavily impacted by the introduction of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). Two goals of this research were (1) to determine the effect of treatment timing (spring versus fall) and application method (tree injection versus soil injection) on the spatial and temporal distribution of imidacloprid the primary insecticide used to treat A. tsugae and (2) to assess the impact of application method and timing of imidacloprid treatments on the arthropods associated with eastern hemlock. The results of this study showed that xylem fluid concentrations of imidacloprid were significantly (P \u3c 0.05) higher for spring applications than for fall applications, and for trunk injections than soil injections in the first year post treatment. A diverse group of arthropods, making up 393 species, were collected by branch beating the lower crowns of eastern hemlock. No significant (P \u3e 0.05) differences in arthropod abundance were found between imidacloprid treated and control trees and application methods. An extensive literature review revealed 484 native and exotic arthropods from three different taxonomic classes and 21 different orders associated with eastern hemlock in North America. A total of five arthropod species were eastern hemlock dependent, and are likely to experience local extirpation as a result of declining and dying eastern hemlock. In addition, an assessment of the impact of application method and timing of imidacloprid treatments on the spider communities were carried out because spiders are the primary arthropod predator present in the crown of eastern hemlock. No significant (P \u3e 0.05) differences in spider abundance were found between imidacloprid treated and control trees and application methods. This study provides fundamental information to aid the conservation and management of eastern hemlock and biodivisity at risk due to extensive applications of imidacloprid

New numerical approaches for modeling thermochemical convection in a compositionally stratified fluid

Seismic imaging of the mantle has revealed large and small scale heterogeneities in the lower mantle; specifically structures known as large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVP) below Africa and the South Pacific. Most interpretations propose that the heterogeneities are compositional in nature, differing in composition from the overlying mantle, an interpretation that would be consistent with chemical geodynamic models. Numerical modeling of persistent compositional interfaces presents challenges, even to state-of-the-art numerical methodology. For example, some numerical algorithms for advecting the compositional interface cannot maintain a sharp compositional boundary as the fluid migrates and distorts with time dependent fingering due to the numerical diffusion that has been added in order to maintain the upper and lower bounds on the composition variable and the stability of the advection method. In this work we present two new algorithms for maintaining a sharper computational boundary than the advection methods that are currently openly available to the computational mantle convection community; namely, a Discontinuous Galerkin method with a Bound Preserving limiter and a Volume-of-Fluid interface tracking algorithm. We compare these two new methods with two approaches commonly used for modeling the advection of two distinct, thermally driven, compositional fields in mantle convection problems; namely, an approach based on a high-order accurate finite element method advection algorithm that employs an artificial viscosity technique to maintain the upper and lower bounds on the composition variable as well as the stability of the advection algorithm and the advection of particles that carry a scalar quantity representing the location of each compositional field. All four of these algorithms are implemented in the open source FEM code ASPECT

Quantum spectrum as a time series : Fluctuation measures

The fluctuations in the quantum spectrum could be treated like a time series. In this framework, we explore the statistical self-similarity in the quantum spectrum using the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and random matrix theory (RMT). We calculate the Hausdorff measure for the spectra of atoms and Gaussian ensembles and study their self-affine properties. We show that DFA is equivalent to $\Delta_3$ statistics of RMT, unifying two different approaches.We exploit this connection to obtain theoretical estimates for the Hausdorff measure.Comment: 4+ pages. 2 figure

Enacting Ecological and Collaborative Rationality through Multi-Party Collaboration

The article presents the case study of a partnership between a metallurgy company and an NGO concerned with environmental protection. The partnership constituted an attempt to reconcile the firm's economic objectives with those of the citizens who lived in the area on which it had an ecological impact. Driven by high ideals, the multistakeholder partnerships were an innovation inspired by the ideal speech situation theory and a focus on learning and innovation. The partnership seemingly created an arena defined by norms of 'disinterested rationality' with an objective of innovating and progressing toward sustainable development. The partnership had only a marginal influence on the firm's activities, which were mainly determined by market forces and economic logic. The article concludes with a rather critical perspective on the outcomes of the case in terms of learning, innovation and change, with a theoretical lens inspired by theories on learning, legitimacy and power. The article contributes to the understanding and definition of legitimacy in a polyphonic context, where different views coexist or confront. Legitimacy is neither an outside nor static institutional feature, but rather resembles a kaleidoscope of perceptions that are defined, temporarily granted and redefined through discursive interactions. In such a context, moral arguments are confronted with other moral arguments while actors redefine their knowledge and cognitive frameworks. Practical recommendations are formulated for the convenors of multistakeholders partnerships, activist groups and firms

Origin and thermal evolution of Mars

The thermal evolution of Mars is governed by subsolidus mantle convection beneath a thick lithosphere. Models of the interior evolution are developed by parameterizing mantle convective heat transport in terms of mantle viscosity, the superadiabatic temperature rise across the mantle, and mantle heat production. Geological, geophysical, and geochemical observations of the compositon and structure of the interior and of the timing of major events in Martian evolution are used to constrain the model computations. Such evolutionary events include global differentiation, atmospheric outgassing, and the formation of the hemispherical dichotomy and Tharsis. Numerical calculations of fully three-dimensional, spherical convection in a shell the size of the Martian mantle are performed to explore plausible patterns of Martian mantel convection and to relate convective features, such as plumes, to surface features, such as Tharsis. The results from the model calculations are presented